Deep learning is a specialized branch of machine learning centered around training neural networks with multiple layers to autonomously learn hierarchical data representations. This technique utilizes deep learning frameworks like TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Keras to efficiently implement complex algorithms. The process involves several steps: acquiring a dataset with input features and output labels, defining the model architecture and connections between layers, compiling the model with loss functions, optimizers, and evaluation metrics, training the model using backpropagation and gradient descent to adjust weights and biases, and ultimately using the trained model to make predictions by passing inputs through its layers to obtain corresponding outputs. Deep learning has shown tremendous success in various domains, including computer vision, natural language processing, and speech recognition, significantly advancing the capabilities of AI systems.